This judgment examines whether Sections 294-A and 294-B of Pakistan’s Penal Code conform to Sharīʿah, particularly regarding state-sanctioned lotteries. After defining qimār and distinguishing lawful prize schemes from gambling, the Court concludes that government lotteries are impermissible, and certain promotional schemes should only be prohibited when they involve inflated prices constituting qimār.
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This analysis explores the Sharīʿah perspective on food products containing trace amounts of impermissible substances. It examines causes of prohibition—harm, impurity, intoxication, filth, and human sanctity—and outlines when minute proportions, transformation (istiḥālah), or necessity may allow permissibility without compromising Sharīʿah principles of purity, respect, and moderation.
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“All ordinary commercial wine vinegars—white or red—are ḥalāl by istiḥālah, while gourmet or sweetened variants that include added wine or grape must are to be avoided.”
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